Abstract:

Accurate node localization remains a fundamental challenge in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), as it directly influences network performance and reliability. The Distance Vector-Hop (DV-Hop) algorithm is widely used due to its simplicity and range-independence, but its accuracy significantly depends on network parameters. To address this limitation, this paper proposes an optimized DV-Hop localization scheme based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The proposed approach optimizes the connectivity range, beacon node coordinates, and beacon node ratio to minimize the localization error. Simulation results demonstrate that the PSO-optimized DV-Hop algorithm achieves a substantial reduction in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) compared to the conventional DV-Hop algorithm.