Abstract:

Maintaining constant power supply in developing countries is a tough target to achieve due to deteriorating infrastructure and urbanization. In case of power shortage, using diesel generators as backup is not an economical option. To address the energy requirement, increase and reduce carbon emissions, various renewable energy sources should be added to the conventional energy systems. This research is aimed at assessing the dispatchable options of optimal operation of the hybrid renewable energy systems. The incorporation of intricate charging protocols governing the dynamics of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) charging is highlighted. Our efforts are optimized on the basis of the main objective of maximization of the earnings of the market. Real-Time Pricing (RTP) tariffs are taken into consideration by the optimization model, which not only optimizes BESS and EV charging and discharging patterns but also makes household appliance scheduling more effective. Significant energy savings are demonstrated by case studies of both single and multiple Smart Homes (SH). When comparing the conditions of multiple SHs to a traditional SH scenario without the integration of a PV, BESS, and EV, a significant 45.46% cost decrease was seen