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Secured Network Infrastructure: A Comprehensive Review of Threats, Defenses, and Emerging Technologies

Authors: Salah Abass Eman, AlRyada University

This paper provides a comprehensive review of

secured network infrastructure, encompassing fundamental net

working concepts, prevalent cyber threats, and advanced defense

mechanisms. this study elucidates the evolution of network

security from basic packet filtering firewalls to sophisticated

Next-Generation Firewalls (NGFWs), Intrusion Detection and

Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS), and Virtual Private Networks

(VPNs). It further examines various network topologies, routing

protocols, and the role of modern simulation tools like Packet

Tracer and GNS3 in understanding network behavior and

vulnerabilities. The paper categorizes common network attacks

such as Denial of Service (DoS), Man-in-the-Middle (MitM), SQL

Injection, and Zero-Day Exploits, highlighting their impact on

network integrity and availability. The objective is to synthesize

this information into a cohesive framework that underscores

the critical importance of a multi-layered security approach in

safeguarding contemporary digital environments. This review

aims to serve as a foundational resource for researchers and prac

titioners seeking to understand and implement robust network

security strategies against an ever-evolving threat landscape. In

doing so, it aligns with global sustainable development efforts by

reinforcing the resilience and reliability of digital infrastructure

essential for sustainable industry and innovation.

Keywords: network security, secured network infrastructure, cyber threats, NGFW, IDS/IPS, VPN, DoS/DDoS, Zero Trust, AI/ML security

Date of Publication: --

DOI: -

Publisher: IEEE