Abstract:

This paper introduces a compact inset-fed microstrip patch antenna optimized for non-invasive blood pressure monitoring in the 2.4 GHz ISM medical band. The design features a rectangular patch with integrated slot modifications and an oval-defected partial ground, designed to enhance bandwidth and impedance matching. Fabricated on an FR-4 substrate (ε_r = 4.4, tanδ = 0.025), the antenna demonstrates a simulated return loss of -70 dB, a bandwidth of 550 MHz, and a simulated peak gain of 4.4 dBi. Experimental measurements closely match the simulated results. On-body evaluations at various arm positions show consistent frequency shifts corresponding to changes in blood pressure, confirming the antenna’s potential for continuous, cuffless biomedical monitoring.This work supports SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being)—notably target 3.4 on reducing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases—by delivering a low-cost, non-invasive microstrip patch antenna for continuous, cuffless blood-pressure monitoring in the 2.4 GHz ISM band.