Abstract:

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have become essential to contemporary smart mobility, providing data-driven, interconnected, and autonomous solutions to tackle increasing urban transport issues. This research offers an in-depth examination of ITS frameworks, supporting technologies, system designs, and practical applications that enhance safety, efficiency, and sustainability in transportation. The study explores essential elements including IoT-based sensing, vehicle communication networks (V2X), integrated artificial intelligence, traffic management optimization, and smart decision-making systems. Moreover, it emphasizes the incorporation of cloud-edge computing, predictive analytics, and autonomous vehicle technologies that improve situational awareness and lessen congestion. By conducting a thorough examination of existing developments, obstacles, and future opportunities, this research highlights gaps in existing knowledge and suggests routes to achieve fully adaptable, multimodal transportation systems. The results highlight the transformative capacity of ITS in developing smart cities focused on mobility efficiency, environmental sustainability, and user-centered transportation services