Abstract:

Global connection is mostly dependent on phone and wireless telecommunications infrastructure, which also provide digital services, data transfer, and flawless communication. These systems are swiftly changing to accommodate faster, more dependable, and smarter networks with the arrival of 5G and 6G. But current approaches in wireless communication systems still have ongoing difficulties like low scalability, high latency, energy inefficiencies, and poor support of mass device connection. Next-generation technologies include remote surgery, driverless cars, and immersive AR/VR experiences cannot be realized in part due to these restrictions This work uses a thorough assessment of present 5G and developing 6G frameworks, assessing peer-reviewed literature, technical reports, and standardizing activities in order to handle these problems. Key technology pillars include millimeter-wave communications, massive MIMO, network slicing, artificial intelligence-enabled network management, and terahertz band use form the main emphasis of the assessment. Through the synthesis of results across many investigations, the suggested approach points out areas of strength, weakness, and possibility within present models. By means of a thorough assessment of technical developments and performance measures, the method of systematic review helps to provide understanding of how 5G/6G designs could be able to solve current constraints. This approach also emphasizes possible ways of integration for further network improvements. Results show that 6G systems offer significant latency reduction, energy efficiency, and data throughput decrease by means of sophisticated technology and artificial intelligence integration. The study comes to the conclusion that leading research, development, and implementation strategies toward more strong and future-proof telecommunications systems depends on a comprehensive knowledge of these developing frameworks.